Abakhuseli beSolar Surge: Okubalulekileyo kwiPV System Ubomi obude kunye nokuthembeka

Kwihlabathi elikhula ngokukhawuleza lamandla elanga, ukukhusela iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic ukusuka kumbane wombane kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokuthembeka.Abakhuseli bokukhanya kwelanga(SPDs) zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo eziyilelwe ukukhusela ufakelo lwamandla elanga kwizinto ezinokuthi zibe nokonakalisa amandla ombane okubangwa kukubetha kwemibane, ukuguquguquka kwegridi, kunye nolunye ukuphazamiseka kombane. Ezi zixhobo zinobugocigoci zisebenza njengabagcini ababalulekileyo beziseko ezingundoqo zelanga, ukunqanda kunye nokuthumela kwakhona amandla ombane ayingozi kude neepaneli zelanga ezinovakalelo, ii-inverters, kunye namanye amacandelo enkqubo. Ngokubonelela ngendlela yokukhusela eyomeleleyo, abakhuseli botyando abathinteli kuphela ukonakala kwezixhobo kodwa baqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zamandla elanga. Ukubaluleka kwabo akunakugqithiswa kuzo zombini indawo zokuhlala kunye nofakelo lwelanga lwentengiso, apho nokunyuka okukodwa kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu yemali kunye nexesha lokuncipha kwenkqubo.

Njengoko ufakelo lwelanga lujongene neengozi ezininzi zombane, kubandakanya ukubetha kombane kunye nokuguquguquka kwegridi, imfuno yokhuseleko olomeleleyo iba yeyona nto iphambili. Ngoku, makhe sijonge kwiimpawu zabakhuseli bokukhanya kwelanga ezenza ukuba zibe yimfuneko ekukhuseleni iinkqubo zePV.

Uluhlu loKhuseleko loMbane oPhezulu

Abakhuseli bokukhanya kwelanga benzelwe ukuphatha uluhlu olubanzi lokunyuka kwamandla ombane. I1000V DCukulinganisa kubonisa ukukhuselwa okuqinileyo kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic, ezikwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kombane okubalulekileyo. Lo mda wamandla ombane uphezulu uthetha ukuba isixhobo sinokufunxa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye sichithe amandla kwizikhewu zombane zequbuliso, ukunqanda umonakalo kwisixhobo sesola esiqhagamshelweyo. Uluhlu lokhuseleko luhlala lubandakanya iimeko ukusuka ekuguquguqukeni okuncinci kwegridi ukuya kwimibane emandla eyongezelelekileyo, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko olubanzi lofakelo lwelanga.

Ikhawuntara eyomeleziweyo yeSurgery kunye neSalathiso sokunxiba

Izikhuseli zombane zelanga ezikwizinga eliphezulu ngoku ziquka izixhobo zokubala ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezilandelela inani leziganeko zombane ezithotywe ngempumelelo isixhobo. Eli nqaku linika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo kunye nomthamo oseleyo wokukhusela. Ngokubeka iliso kwiziganeko zotyando ezongezelekayo, abasebenzisi kunye namagcisa anokuvavanya impilo yomkhuseli wokutyanda kwaye agqibe xa kunokuthi kufuneke ukutshintshwa. Ezinye iimodeli ezinobugocigoci zinezalathisi ze-LED okanye iziboniso zedijithali ezibonisa ngokubonakalayo imeko yokunxiba yesixhobo, enika ingcaciso ecacileyo, ngokujonga-krwada kwemeko yomkhuseli wokutyanda. Le ndlela ecacileyo inceda abanini benkqubo yelanga ukulawula ngokukhawuleza iziseko zabo zokukhusela umbane, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuthembekileyo kofakelo lwabo lwe-photovoltaic.

Umthamo wokukhupha oPhezulu

Ngomthamo omangalisayo wokukhupha i-15kA, aba bakhuseli botyando babonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo ekulawulweni kombane omkhulu. Eli nqanaba lokukhutshwa liphezulu lithetha ukuba isixhobo sinokuphatha amanqanaba amakhulu ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukuthembeka kwayo kokusebenza. Umthamo we-15kA umele ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo kwiziganeko zombane ezigqithisileyo, ukubonelela abanini benkqubo yelanga ngokuzithemba ukuba izixhobo zabo zihlala zikhuselekile naxa kukho ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kombane. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwimimandla ethanda ukubetha umbane rhoqo okanye eneziseko zombane ezingazinzanga.

Ukhuseleko lweNdlela ezimbini (i-DC kunye ne-AC)

Olona ncedo lubalulekileyo lwabakhuseli bangoku belanga kukukwazi kwabo ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kuzo zombini iisekethe zangoku ngqo (DC) kunye nezitshintshayo zangoku (AC). Olu khuseleko lweemowudi ezimbini luqinisekisa ukhuseleko olubanzi kuyo yonke inkqubo yamandla elanga, ukusuka kuluhlu lweepaneli zelanga ukuya kwii-inverters kunye neendawo zokudityaniswa kwegridi. Ngokujongana nemingcipheko enokubakho kuyo yomibini imimandla ye-DC kunye ne-AC, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo olunciphisa ubuthathaka kwaye lucuthe umngcipheko womonakalo obanzi wombane.

Uyilo lweModyuli kunye neScalable

Abakhuseli bokukhanya kwelanga bayanda ukuyilwa ngokumodareyitha kunye nokuqina kwengqondo. Le ndlela intsha ivumela ukwandiswa lula kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweenkqubo zokukhusela njengoko ukufakwa kwelanga kukhula okanye ukuguquka. Uyilo lwemodyuli luvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bongeze okanye batshintshe iiyunithi zokhuseleko lomntu ngamnye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa inkqubo yonke, ukubonelela ngokuguquguquka kuzo zombini iindawo zokuhlala ezincinci kunye neendawo ezinkulu zorhwebo zelanga. Ubume obunokwehla buthetha ukuba ukhuseleko lokutyanda lunokulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo kwiimfuno ezithile zolungelelwaniso lwamandla elanga, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olululo kuzo zonke iintlobo zobungakanani benkqubo kunye nobunzima.

Ubukrelekrele boDiagnostic kunye neZakhono zokuBeka iliso

Isizukulwana samva nje sabakhuseli bokukhanya kwelanga sibandakanya itekhnoloji yokuxilonga kunye nokubeka iliso. Ezi nkqubo zikrelekrele zinokubonelela ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani malunga nokusebenza komkhuseli wokutya, kubandakanywa amanqanaba okufunxa amandla, amandla aseleyo okukhusela, kunye nezalathi zokuthotywa ezinokubakho. Uninzi lwabakhuseli botyando bale mihla banokudityaniswa namaqonga okubeka iliso alumkileyo, okuvumela ukufikelela kude kwiimethrikhi zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa ii-apps ze-smartphone okanye ujongano lwewebhu. Le nkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ivumela ugcino olusebenzayo, inceda ukuqikelela iindawo ezinokuthi zehluleke, kwaye ibonelela abasebenzisi ngemibono ebanzi malunga nobume bokhuseleko lombane lwenkqubo yelanga.

Ulwakhiwo lweTekhnoloji olomeleleyo

Abakhuseli bokukhanya kwelangazakhiwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo eziphucukileyo kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki eziphucukileyo eziyilelwe ukumelana neemeko ezirhabaxa zokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-metal-oxide varistor (MOV) okanye i-gas discharge tube (GDT), ezi zixhobo zinokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwi-voltage surges, zenza iindlela eziphantsi zokuchasa emhlabeni eziphinda ziqondise amandla ombane ayingozi. Ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide, kunye nabakhuseli abaninzi abakumgangatho ophezulu owenziwe ukuba basebenze ngokufanelekileyo iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokuthotywa okubalulekileyo kokusebenza.

Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza

Isantya sibalulekile ekukhuselweni kotyando, kwaye ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukusabela ngokukhawuleza. Abakhuseli banamhlanje bokukhanya kwelanga banokubhaqa kwaye basabele ekunyukeni kwamandla ombane kwi-nanoseconds, ngokufanelekileyo ukunqanda umonakalo onokuthi wenzeke ngaphambi kokuba wenzeke. Eli xesha lokuphendula elikhawulezayo kakhulu libalulekile ekukhuseleni amacandelo e-elektroniki abuthathaka afana ne-solar inverters kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso. Ukukwazi ukuphambukisa ngokukhawuleza amandla ombane amaninzi kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwesixhobo esisisigxina kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwenkqubo.

Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokomelela kokusiNgqongileyo

Ufakelo lwelanga luhlala lukhona kwiindawo ezinomngeni, ukusukela kwintlango etshisayo ukuya kwimimandla efumileyo yetropiki. Izikhuseli zotyando ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziyilelwe ngokunyamezela okukhulu kobushushu, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kwe -40°C ukuya +85°C. Ukongeza, zineendawo ezivaliweyo ezikhusela uthuli, ukufuma kunye nemitha ye-UV. Oku komelela kokusingqongileyo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquguqukiyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi kunye neemeko zemozulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukuthunyelwa kwelanga.

Ufakelo olulula kunye noLondolozo

Abakhuseli banamhlanje bokukhanya kwelanga benzelwe ukudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zamandla elanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo babonisa ulungelelwaniso olusemgangathweni oluhambelana noyilo oluninzi lofakelo lwelanga. Iimodeli ezininzi ziquka izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo okanye iimpawu zokuxilonga ezinceda amagcisa avavanye ngokukhawuleza isimo sokusebenza kwesixhobo. Ezinye iinguqulelo eziphambili zide zibonelele ngezakhono zokubeka iliso kude, zivumela abanini benkqubo ukuba balandelele ukusebenza kokhuseleko lokutya kwaye bafumane izilumkiso malunga nemiba enokwenzeka.

Ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yeHlabathi

Abakhuseli belanga abathembekileyo bahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwamazwe ngamazwe. Iziqinisekiso ezivela kwimibutho efana ne-IEC (iKomishoni ye-Electrotechnical International), i-UL (i-Underwriters Laboratories), kunye ne-IEEE (Iziko leeNjineli zoMbane kunye ne-Electronics) ziqinisekisa umgangatho wazo kunye nokuthembeka. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba abakhuseli botyando baye bavavanywa kakhulu kwaye bahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko lombane, ukusebenza kunye nokuqina. Ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho kunika abasebenzisi ukuzithemba okongeziweyo kutyalo-mali lwabo lokukhusela ilanga.

Ukuqukumbela

Abakhuseli bokukhanya kwelangaimele utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iziseko zophuhliso lwamandla elanga. Ngokunikezela ngokhuselo olubanzi ngokuchasene nokunyuka kombane, ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ixesha elide, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zamandla elanga. Iimpawu zabo zetekhnoloji ephezulu, ezidityaniswe nolwakhiwo olomeleleyo kunye neendlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, zibenza babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yofakelo lwe-photovoltaic lwangoku. Njengoko amandla elanga eqhubeka nokukhula kwihlabathi jikelele, indima yomgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko lokutyanda iya ibaluleke kakhulu, ikhusela utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwezemali kunye nobuchwepheshe olwenziwe kwiziseko zombane ezihlaziyiweyo.